CONCEPT
OF FRONTLOADING (Definiton
and procedure of
Frontloading)
a) Definiton
of Frontloading
According to Preszler. J. Et.al (2006: 8)
frontloading provides rich dialogue and experiences that allow students to
develop vocabulary by accessing their prior knowledge before reading content.
When students have the opportunity to use their prior knowledge, they exhibit
an increase in vocabulary and content knowledge. In addition, students show
their understanding as they interact with difficult content material.
Dana (2009) concludes that front-loading vocabulary
provides explicit vocabulary instruction that focuses on critical words for
understanding text meaning, prior to reading the text, helps to generate
background knowledge relevant to the text.
Marzano (2004) Frontloading is a process of
intentionally exposing participants to vocabulary, concept, and skill they will
later learn, either during the school day or in future program activities
Meylan. D and Sturgis. L (2008: 2)states
frontloading is teaching Academic Language Structures and Academic Vocabulary
in order to understand and express comprehension of text. Frontloading is a
powerful strategy that provides English Language Learners (ELL) and Standard
English Learners (SEL) with the necessary scaffolds to answer comprehension
questions both orally and in writing as well as understand text. Frontloading
will increase students’ comprehension skills and vocabulary, as well as written
fluency.
b) Procedure of Frontloading
Preszler. J. Et.al (2006: 8) defines the step of
frontloading as follows:
1) Introduce content to students. Ask students
to describe experiences or ideas they haveregarding the content. Ask students
to list words they associate with the content to bestudied. For example, if you
are beginning a unit of study on the Vietnam Era, ask students to list words
they associate with that time.
2) Create a list of content words based on
student suggestions and ideas.
3) Add to and revise the list of content words
as you study the material
In addition Borgese. J,
Heyler. D, Romano. S 2011 states the procedure of frontloading
1) Frontloading with familiarity and ease; that
is, having students plan, rehearse, and converse during the prewriting stage,
which, in turn, streamlines their writing as well as their revision process.
2) Having students confer with peers during
writers’ workshop, to help them gather more ideas to incorporate into their
revisions.
3) Using technology as a means to give students
multiple ways to collaborate and revise in and out of the classroom.
4) Modeling effective revision strategies for
their students, because teachers are writers as well as teachers of writing.
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