Definition of Speaking
In the explanation of Bailey (2002:
124) defines the four traditional skills of language use (speaking, listening,
reading, and writing) in terms of their direction and modality. Language
generated by the learner (in speech or writing) is productive, and language
directed at the learner (in reading or listening) is receptive. Modality refers
to the medium of the message (aural/oral or written). Thus, speaking is the
productive aural/oral skill. It consists of producing systematic verbal
utterances to convey meaning. Speaking is an interactive process of
constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing
information. It is often spontaneous, open-ended, and evolving.
Based on the Department of
Education WA (2013: 167) Speaking is a process as well as a product. Much of a
student’s speech occurs in unplanned, informal situations where a structured
planning process for all spoken interactions would be inappropriate. This
dynamic and interactive speaking needs to be promoted through inquiry and the
exchange of ideas; teachers should help students to become aware of the way
language works in a wide range of social interactions.
Iamsaard & Sakon (2015: 71) speaking is the
reaction related to the message, situation, articulation, by using the
appropriate language, grammar rules, meaning and culture properly. The speaker
sends the message using the appropriate stress, intonation, facial expression,
gesture to help convey the meanings for the listeners. Sometimes the speech
might lack the completion or improper grammar; however, speaking occurs between
two people by using the language as the means of communication.
Zohra (2012: 8) Speaking as a
natural integral part of the persons daily life. In other words, it is
an activity which is carried out by both
ordinary and specialized
people to do
their basic functions
according to their
specific needs. Attempting to illustrate the process of speaking
fluently in foreign language, he claims that
speaking is a complex skill
that involves in
addition to the knowledge of
vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation a command of skills and another
type of knowledge.
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