READING
COMPREHENSION
Reading
comprehension is very important subject that should be learned by all students.
It is one of the language skills to get information, for pleasure or for
interest. It is an interactive process that goes on between the reader and the
text. It is the process to understand
written texts.
According
to Brown (2004:200), reading is one of the language skills that students should
learn and master it. It is the particular way in which reader understands a
text or a book. It is the ability to understand and to find out the information
presented in written form, even the information is explicitly stated or not in
a passage. It is the way to compare the information with the reader’s own
knowledge. It is also the way to interpret the authors’ purposes.
In
addition, Brown (2004:201), stated that good readers need strategies or methods
in reading. The strategies and methods in reading are process used by the
readers to enhance reading comprehension and overcome comprehension failures.
If the readers do not have the strategies and methods in reading, they are
difficult to understand, to make sense, to what they read, to conceive a task,
and they will spend much time to comprehend the text.
Furthermore,
according to Bernhardt (2011), reading is about understanding written texts. It
is a complex activity that involves both perception and thought. Reading
consists of two related processes: word recognition and comprehension. Word
recognition refers to the process of perceiving how written symbols correspond
to one’s spoken language. Comprehension is the process of making sense of
words, sentences and connected text. Readers typically make use of background
knowledge, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, experience with text and other
strategies to help them understand written text.
According
Richards, et al, (1992:306) states that reading means perceiving a written text
in order to understand its contexts. This can be done silently. Moreover,
Hornby (1989:104) says that reading is an action of a person who reads texts by
reading activities; students are required to have good interaction with the
texts, and need more attention from the reader in order that students get exact
or close meaning of the texts as well.
Reading
consists of a variety of activities, sensations, perceptions, psychomotor
movements, cognitive activities and emotional responses, each of this can be
further broken down into varying kinds of behavior. There are three definitions
of reading. The first is pronouncing words, second is identifying words and the
last is bringing meaning to a text in order to get meaning from it.
According
to Martin (2010), reading requires motivation, mental frameworks for holding
ideas, concentration and good study techniques. It consists of two related
processes: word recognition and comprehension. Word recognition refers to the
process of perceiving how written symbols correspond to one’s spoken language.
Comprehension is the process of making sense of words, sentences and connected
text.
Based
on the description above, it can be known that reading means pronouncing the
words, identifying the words and finding the meaning from a text in order to
get the information from the text. Reading can develop a person’s creativity
because reading consists of activities, sensations, perceptions, psychomotor
movements, cognitive activities and emotional responses. Reading is also the
way to interact with the researcher from a book or text.
In addition, in generally there are some
requirements in reading comprehension such as develop a broad background, know
the structure of paragraphs, identify the type of reasoning, anticipate and
predict, use a systematic reading technique and monitor effectiveness. Good
readers can understand the individual sentences and the organizational structure
of a piece of writing. They can comprehend ideas, follow arguments, and detect
implications. They know most of the words in the text already, but they can
also determine the meaning of many of the unfamiliar words from the context -
failing this, they can use their dictionary effectively to do so. In summary,
good readers can extract from the writing what is important for the particular
task they are employed in.
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