The Definition of Phonetic
Whereas syntax is about sentence formation, and semantics about sentence interpretation, phonetics and phonology cover the field of sentence utterance. Based on Forel & Puskás (2005:3) Phonetics is concerned with how sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived (we will only look at the production of sounds). Phonology is concerned with how sounds function in relation to each other in a language. In other words, phonetics is about sounds of language, phonology about sound systems of language. Phonetics is a descriptive tool necessary to the study of the phonological aspects of a language.
Language
can be written, manually signed, mechanically reproduced and even synthesized
by computers with consider-able success. Nevertheless, speech remains the
primary way humans express themselves through language, this long history of
spoken language is reflected in our anatomical specialization for it. Humans
also appear to have specialized neural mechanisms for the perception of speech
sounds. Because language and speech are so closely linked, we begin our study
of language by examining the inventory and structure of the sounds of speech.
This branch of linguistics is called phonetics (Dobrovolsky & Katamba 1997:
16).
There
are two ways of approaching phonetics. One approach studies the physiological mechanisms
of speech production. This is known as articulatory phonetics. The other, known
as acoustic phonetics, is concerned with
measuring and analyzing the physical properties of the sound waves we produce
when we speak. Both approaches are indispensable to an understanding of speech.
This chapter focuses on articulatory phonetics, but also makes some reference
to the acoustic properties of sounds and to acoustic analysis.
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