- Types
of Grammatical Error
Harmer, Jeremy. (2007: 99) error may be viewed as
being either global or local error. These errors are divided into two kinds of
error:
a. Global
errors
Global
errors are errors
that affect overall
sentence organization which possibly
influence the flow
of communication. For
example the wrong order of major
constituents, “English language use many people.” The sentence should be, “Many
people use English language.”
b. Local
errors
Local
errors are errors
that affect one element or
constituent in a sentence which usually do not break the
flow of communication. These errors include
errors in noun
and verb inflections,
articles, and auxiliaries. For
example, “Why you like him?” The listeners of the utterance will still understand
the speaker’s message
although the sentence does
not contain auxiliary.
In addition, in
classifying the student‟s errors
in writing descriptive paragraph the writer would like to use Corder
theory. He stated
five types error
which will be
explained below. The types of
errors are error of omission, error of addition, error of selection, error of
ordering.
1) Error
of Ommision
Error of omission
is the absence
of an item
that should appear. “Errors of omission where some
element is omitted which should be present.”The
learner omits the
item that should
appear in the
good utterance. “Omission has two types of morphemes that are omitted
more than others. They are content morphemes and grammatical morphemes.”Content
morphemes are morphemes that have meaning like nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.
Grammatical morphemes are
little words that
have minor play in
sentences like noun
and verb inflections,
articles, auxiliaries, and preposition. Example: Angelina
is an actress.
From the explanation and
example above, the
word Angelina and
actress are content morphemes
because Angelina and
actress is noun
and has a mayor
meaning. The words
is and an
are grammatical morphemes because they
are verb auxiliaries
and article, and
they are also
play a minor meaning in that
sentence.
Omit grammatical morphemes are more frequently than
content words. It is caused by the grammatical morphemes are more complex, for
example in using tenses, the learner should be aware of the addition of the ending of the verb
(-ed,-ing,-s) correctly. Omit content morphemes are typically
made by the
learner in the
early stage. It
happens because the learner
still has limitation
of the vocabulary
which is used
in the sentences.
2) Error
of Addition
Addition is the opposite of omission. Addition is the
presence of an item that must
not appear in
well-formed utterences. In addition,
the learners add the
utterance which is
not needed in
a sentence, or the
learners add some unnecessary element. For example: She didn’t studied
yesterday. From the
example above, the
learner want to
tell that she didn’t study yesterday. She
knows that to
tell the past
event, she has to
use the past verb, but she puts two items for the same features; didn’t and studied.
3) Error
of Selection
This
error is made
by the learner
where the learner
chooses the wrong items in the
right place. Different from omission where the items are not
supplied at all,
in errors of
selection, the learner
supplies something even though
that is incorrect.
For example; I
buyed a novel two days ago. A past tense marker is
put by the learner, but it is incorrect.
4) Error
of Ordering
Error of ordering is the error where the items
presented are correct but wrongly sequences. For example, I have pen blue. From
the example above, the items
are correct, but the writer doesn’t put the items in the appropriate
order.
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