Concept and Definition Direct Speech Act
The direct speech acts
generally is the syntactic
form of the
utterance reflects the
direct illocutionary act. This
utterance is said
directly without third person.
The form is
used imperative sentence
usually. An example, a mother asked
to the sister,” Sweep the floor, dear!” from the sentence was clear
that the mother asked or command to her child to sweep the floor.
Al-Hindawi1,
Al-Masu’di1 & Mirza (2013: 30) direct speech act is one where the structure
matches the function, that is, a declarative, an interrogative, an imperative,
and an exclamative issue a statement, a question, an order, and an exclamation
respectively, syntactically speaking. In other words, direct speech acts are
one-illocutionary force utterances,
Lafi (2001:277) Direct
speech acts are those expressed by the constructions specifically designed for
those acts. For example, an interrogative construction is meant to ask a
question, a declarative construction is designed to make a statement, and an imperative
construction is reserved for issuing orders.
Krifka (2004:21) The
direct speech is a complete shift of context; the pronouns referring to speaker
and addressee now interpreted with reference to the reported speech situation.
The minimal requirement that the sentence Mary said “...” is true is that Mary
performed a speech act A with respect to a common ground that had the same effects
on the commitment states of the speaker Mary and the other interlocutors
present as the per-forming the quoted speech act with the locutionary act “...” would have had. This allows for the
possibility that what Mary actually said differs from “...” in certain aspects
of its wording.
According to Jucker and
Taavitsainen (2008), directive speech acts contain a verb, an object and a
requested task performed by the speaker and the hearer. Directive speech acts
is an utterance of the speaker to make the hearer do something for the speaker.
The directive speech acts are divided into 20 sub categories: 1) Advising, 2)
admonishing, 3) asking, 4) begging, 5) challenging, 6) daring, 7) demanding, 8)
dismissing, 9) excusing, 10) forbidding, 11) instructing, 12) inviting, 13)
ordering, 14) permitting, 15) recommending, 16) requesting, 17) requiring, 18)
suggesting, 19) urging and 20) warning. The example of directive speech
act: “Don’t go too far!” This is the
example of directive speech acts of forbidding.
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