Concept
and Definition of Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics
is a branch of linguistics that takes language as an object of study, in a way that
is usually distinguished from how syntax, semantics, morphology, and phonology handle
it. It is a field that analyzes language as part of social property. The study
explores the functions and the varieties of language, the contacts between
different languages, attitudes of people towards language use and users, changes
of language, as weel as plans on language. In the early definition of the study,
some linguistics used the term sociology of language, while others name it
sociolinguistics, Jendra (2010:9).
Sociolinguistics
allowed by two types, that are sociolinguictics or micro socilinguistics and the
sociology of language or macro sociolingusitics. In this distinction, sociolinguistics
is cocerned with investigating the relationships between language and society with
the goal being a better understanding of the structure of language and of how languages
function in communcation, the equivalent goal in the sociology of language is trying
to discover how social tructure can be better understood through the study of language,
example how certain linguistic features serve to characterize particular social
arragements.
Hudson
in Wardhaugh (2006:13) The difference as follows, sociolinguistics is the study
of language in relation to society, whereas the sociology of language is the
study of society in relation to language. In other words, in sociolinguistics we
study language and society in order to find out as much as we can about what
kind of thing language is, and in the sociology of language we reverse the direction
of out interest.
According
to Trudgill in Wardhaugh (2006:14) The differentiate studies that considers to
be clearly sociolinguistic in nature from those that cleraly or not, for, as he
says,’while everybody would agree that sociolinguistics has something to do with
language and society, it is clearly also not concerned with everything that
could be considered “language and society”. The problem, therefore, lies in the
drawing of the line between language and society and sociolinguistics. Certain
kinds of work combine insights from sociology and linguistics. Examples of such
work are attempts to deal with the structure of discourse and conversation,
speech acts, studies in the ethnography of speaking, investigations of such matters
as kinship systems, studies in the sociology of language, example bilingualism,
code switching, and diaglossia, and certain ‘practical’ concerns such as
various aspects of teaching and languge behaviour in classrooms.
Based
on the teory from some expert above, It can be concluded that sociolinguistics is
a branch of sociene that closely related to sociology, the relationship with
social factors in a speech society as well as studying of language varieties.
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