Concept
Semiotic
According to
Charles Sanders Peirce
Semiotic is the
relationship between a sign, an object, and a meaning. The
sign represents the object, or referent,
in the mind of an
interpreter. “Interpretant” refers
to a sign
that serves as the
representation of an object. Signs can be verbal (words) or nonverbal. The study
of signs by
Chandler (2007) is
the briefest definition
of semiotics and the most
familiar among people. It was
originally proposed by Ferdinand de Saussure in
Course in General
Linguistics with term ‘Semiology’, a
science of sign by Cobley (2001:
32).
According to Chandler (2007: 2) in
semiotic, sign can take the form of words, images, sounds,
gestures, and object.
Saussure (1958: 66-67)
then proposed the model of the sign, stating that a sign
consists of a sound image and a concept. He also developed
new terms in
defining this division
that sign contains
two components, the signifier
(sound-image) and the
signified (concept). Both signifier and
signified must always
be taken together.
The combination of
these two terms constructs
meaning. They, as
stated by Saussure
(1958: 67), are
retro verso of single sheet of
paper and cannot be separated each other.
The study of sign is
further developed by Barthes and Hjemslev that there are two different
levels of meaning,
connotation and denotation.
Denotation generally defined as
the “literal” meaning
of a sign
(when referring to
a word); whereas the connotations are the
socio-cultural or personal associations, Chandler (2007: 141).
Connotations might become
so directly related
to the sign
that, within a given social group, they seem to be denotations. However,
there are some aspects that help
differentiate them. While
a sign’s denotations
are (generally) permanent, a
sign’s connotations tend to change over time.
In
semiotics, language is
seen a sign
system that express
ideas and is ‘comparable to
a system of
writing, the alphabet
of deaf-mutes, symbolic
rites, polite formulas, military
signals, etc. Saussure
(1958: 16). This
study is further developed by
many experts including
Roland Barthes and
Umberto Eco so
that not only to any form of language usage, Semiotics can be applied to
film, theatre, music, architecture and many things that can be taken as signs.
Semiotics sees text or media and
other forms considered
as signs as
being like language.
It is stated by
Culler that social
and cultural phenomena
are not ‘simply
material objects or events
but objects or
events with meaning’,
and therefore, signs,
Culler (1976: 24). A text can
be viewed as being similar to speech and as implying grammars or systems that make it
meaningful.
From the definition above the
researcher concluded that semiotic is a concept of sign
and its meaning. The
sign can take
the form of
words, images, sounds, gestures, and
object. To analyze
the meaning of
sign, there are
two level meanings, denotation
and connotation. In this research, the researcher focus on the analysis of
denotative and connotative meaning in semiotic concept.
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