A CONVERSATION ANALYSIS OF REPAIR IN THE OPRAH WINFREY SHOW A SPECIAL EPISODE WITH MICHAEL JACKSON

 A CONVERSATION ANALYSIS OF REPAIR IN THE OPRAH WINFREY SHOW A SPECIAL EPISODE WITH MICHAEL JACKSON

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Research Background

Human beings as social creatures are born to interact with each other in everyday life. These interactions are crucial for people in order to fulfill their need as well as resolve or ease their problem. As an example, people go to a tailor when they wish for self-made clothes, or go to a doctor if they get sick. Thereby, their material need is fulfilled. In another case, when people get into trouble, they tend to find a person to talk and ease their problem. Practically, people will always create conversation when they interact to each other. These conversations are worth analyzing for they have a lot of interesting phenomena of linguistics during their occurrences such as interruption and repair.

In every conversation, there are unconscious rules. Most people perform the rules unconsciously. If these rules are neglected, the running conversation will be disturbed and or stopped right away. According to some research conducted by linguists, there are several phenomena that occur in a conversation where the participants neglecting the rules. These phenomena are subjects that linguists tend to observe over decades. The study regarding those phenomena is called the conversation analysis. This research will scrutinize one of the phenomena. According to Maynard (2013: 2), conversation analysis is the study of talk as a medium for people to perform action. Any kind of action and reaction as the result of conversation among people are scrutinized in this field of study.The scope under conversation analysis study is wide, for instances: turn taking, adjacency pairs, preference organization, sequence organization, and repair.

Aninstance of the fields under the scope of conversation analysis is turn-taking. It is a system where participants in an ongoing conversation are taking their turns regularly. On the discussion of turn-taking the researcher will provide detail information about how a conversation is considered as a success. Another field under the discussion of conversation analysis is called adjacency pairs.

According to Yule (1996: 77), adjacency pair in a conversation refers to automatic sequences, e.g. greeting and goodbye. In the structure of conversation there are many other kinds of automatic patterns that certainly help the interaction. The researcher believes that the understanding of those patterns is considered as a crucial point.

The main interest of this research is a field of study under the scope of conversation analysis called, repair. Repair is a phenomenon that is interesting to be analyzed. To be compared to other sub discussions under the study of conversation analysis,repair is one that is still rarely investigated, whereas the analysis of repair is an interesting topic that is closely related to the other sub discussions in conversation analysis study such as turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and preference. In accordance to this fact, the researcher is encouraged to conduct a research in this field.

Repair is a name given to periods of talk in everyday conversation in which an error occurredisnoted and then resolved. It is an interesting subject to discuss since there are frequent occurrences of the phenomenon on people’s daily conversations. Chaika (1982: 86) says that when a person uses a wrong style in an occasion, the interlocutor(s) – the people being talking to – will repair the error. In addition, Schegloff, Jefferson, and Sacks (1977) collect samples of people correcting their own errors. As conclusion, both speaker and interlocutor can be the ones who realize and resolve the errors. Every people must have been encounteringrepair phenomena in their daily conversation unconsciously.

The best way to investigate the phenomena of repair is through spontaneous conversationsin which the ongoing conversations among the participants have not been prepared previously.Since the main investigation on repair is finding the resolved errors, data from natural conversations are more preferred. The more natural the conversations run, the better the data would be gained.Besides spontaneous everyday conversation, live TV shows can also serve as objects of investigation of repair, since they are considered as spontaneous even though they are broadcasted on TV.

According to Timberg (2002:3), talk show is a television genre that serves a fresh talk which is anchored by a host or team of hosts, whose job is to direct, guide, and set the limit of the talk that is elicited from guests on the air.Furthermore, he (2002:204) explains that fresh talk means talk that appears to be spontaneous. The topic which is discussed in a talk show is frequently related to the current issues or the special features of the guest(s). The Oprah Winfrey Show is a US talk show syndicate which is airedaround the world. Oprah official site explains that the talk show is licensed to 150 countries internationally for more than two decades. The name is gained from the host’s name, Oprah Winfrey.

This research employs the special episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show presenting Michael Jackson as a guest star. Michael Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. His contributions in music industry made him a global figure over decades. Despite his success he had ever encountereda problem in 1993 that kept him hide from the world. Through her talk show, Oprah tried to reveal the secret behind his silence and answered people’s questions at once. Therefore, this episode becomes a special episode since the talk show took place in Neverland instead of Oprah studio and ranfor60 minutes.

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