THE CLASSROOM INTERACTION BETWEEN A TEACHER AND THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMA

 THE CLASSROOM INTERACTION BETWEEN A TEACHER AND THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMA

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter present background of the research, limitation of the problem, formulation of the problem, objectives of the research, and significance of the research.

A. Background of the Research

As an international language, English has important role in the world. Most people use English to communicate among people with different background of language from many part of the world, as a mean to gain knowledge, information, science, technologies and other. Harmer (2007:11) stated that many people learn English because they think it will be useful in some way for international communication, wish to learn to speak, read, listen and write the language effectively for wherever and whenever things might be useful for them.

Since become an urgent need in Indonesia English has been taught at every level of education as the first foreign language. It is taught from kindergarten level, elementary school, junior high school, and senior high school even in the university level, in order to introduce the learner about English as a world language early on.

The objectives of English teaching cover the four language skills namely: listening, speaking, writing, and reading through the mastery of the language components: vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. As we know that final result of teaching is affected by some factors, they are: learners, the teacher, time allotment, material, the use of visual aid, methodology, teaching material and interaction between the teacher and students in the classroom.

Interaction is one important point of successful in teaching learning process, because interaction is a collaborative exchange of thought, feeling or ideas between a teacher and learner or a learner and other learner resulting in reciprocal effect on each other. Thus, interaction in a language classroom is a process of learning language. The classroom is a place promoting and facilitating the learning process: the assimilation of input, the conversion of input into output, the production of output, and the activation and enlargement of the IL system through interaction. Learners with their multiple facets of differences manifest distinct features of undergoing the learning process, interacting with the learning environment in specific ways.Sometimes the middle ground is sought and negotiation has to be reached for the solution of contradictions between the individual and the whole and among individual students.

In the classroom setting the amount and types of interaction can be altered through different means: different tasks may give rise to different patterns of interaction. Information gap activities are commonly used to elicit student interactions. Information-gap activity involves the transfer of given information from one person to another, or one place to another, or one form to another. In the process of fulfilling such kind of tasks the learners have to use language for real communication. However, it can hardly be said to be true that language development problems will be solved by the mere increase of the amount of interaction. The qualitative differences between interactions should also be taken into consideration. The type and quantity of interactions in classroom vary form one class to another. The oral class possesses more interactions and attaches great importance to real use of language while the grammar class may involve less interactions and the chances of using language for real communication are reduced. The variations in interaction are largely attributed to the teacher’s effort, but the teacher’s decisions to vary interactions are not made arbitrarily. His decision should be based on the basic types of CI which are indispensable for any class to be successful.

The characteristics of these basic patterns require their integration in different ways. Besides, he has to consider students’ characteristics, the subject matter, and many more. Teaching process actually gives a chance for learners to ask, to guess, to think and even to discuss the course material in order to make an interaction between students. In the classroom interaction, it includes all of the classroom events, both verbal and non – verbal interaction. The verbal interaction take place because of the teacher and learners talk, while non – verbal interaction covers gestures or facial expression by the teacher and learners when they communicate without using words. Richard (1992) states that, classroom interaction is the pattern of verbal and non verbal communication and the types of social relationship which occur within classroom.????

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