IMPROVING TEACHER TALK TO ENHANCE TEACHER – STUDENTS INTERACTION
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents introduction of the background of
the topic, which consists of the background of the study, the reason for
choosing the topic, the statement of the
problem, the purpose
of the study,
the significance of
the study, and
the outline of the report.
1.1 Background of
the Study
The teachers‘ role to make students interested in learning
is very important. They should know how
to make their
students study well.
Especially in learning
a language in order
to get optimal
knowledge of the
target language, a
teacher should be able
to stimulate the
students to interact
using the target
language. Teachers also should
consider the language
used to interact
with the students, which will encourage them to
communicate using English.
The main goal of the language learning is to be able to
communicate in the target language. Hence,
some opportunities are
needed by students
to use the target
language. As students,
they spend much
time in the
classroom in which they
learn the target
language, so classroom
is considered as
the possible place where
the students get
the opportunities to
speak in the
target language. The opportunities are
realized through interaction
in the classroom.
The meaning of interaction here
is when the
teacher and students
engage in a
turn-taking conversation.
The interaction happened
in the class
sometimes is elicited
by the teacher. They
tend to ask
a question to
the students to
elicit the students‘ participation in
order to create
teacher-students interaction. In
this chance, the teacher can create an opportunity for the
students to interact in English by asking a
question in the
target language. By
interacting with the
teacher, the students will
apply their language
knowledge and also
get many opportunities
to practice communicating in
English. As stated by Liu Yanfen and Zhao Yuqin, (2010: 77), through the
interaction with teachers,
students can increase
their language store and use all languages they possess.
Interaction is an important concept for English language teachers‖.
Thus, the role of the
teacher is crucial in
class since s/he should know how to elicit the students
speak in English. Interaction is considered as the one of the effective ways to
learn a language.
The existence of
interaction is directly
influenced by the
teachers talk. Teacher talk
is a speech
delivered by the
teacher when they
teach or explain
a lesson to the students. It is not a one-way speech but it also engages
the students, so, teacher does
not talk all
the time during
the lesson. The
engagement of the students in the teacher talk makes the
relation that affects the students. Thus, the teacher talk
considered has beneficial
affection to the
students, it will
be an advantageous input to
students if it is arranged or delivered in a good proportion.
In fact, creating
learning situation, which
will encourage students
to talk or actively
participate, is not
easy. Thus, teachers
should function their
talk as ‗central point‘
to gain effective
teaching-learning situation (Vygotsky,
1978). How the teacher
manages their talk
should be considered
since their talk
will affect students comprehension to the lesson. Since
English is considered
as a foreign
language in Indonesia,
the students get less
supportive environment. As stated by Paul, (2003:76), ―in an English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL)
classroom, in particular, the opportunities to practice verbal
communication outside the
classroom are often
significantly limited‖. The teacher talk is likely to be the major or
even the only source of target language input (Stern, 1983: 400). The classroom
will be the possible place for the students
to practice the
target language and
to get an
input from the teacher.
One of the
main problems of
teaching English, which
is faced by the
teacher is the existence of unresponsive
students. They prefer to become passive rather than to participate in learning
process actively. This circumstance becomes common in
some school, because,
English, as we
know, is a
foreign language which rarely
used by the
students outside the
classroom. Furthermore, the environment around
the students is
not quite supportive
and the opportunities
to apply the target
language are even
fewer. The most
possible way to
practice is through interaction
with the teacher.
Dealing with the fact that teacher-centered teaching method is widely used in which the teacher stands in front of the class teach students. They steer all the learning process in classroom. Thus, the teacher elicitation to interact with the students is very indispensable as encouragement for the students to speak in English. Brown (2001:82) states that, ―a teacher-centered or teacher-fronted classroom is appropriate for some of classroom time‖. Teacher responsibility is to keep the interaction flowing smoothly and efficiently.????
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