CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of the Problem
The teaching of English covers four
skills, namely reading, writing, speaking and listening (Powers
- 2010:5). Listening and reading
are said to be receptive, while speaking and writing are said to be productive.
Speaking in foreign language is very complex task because the speaker has to
understand the nature of what appears to be involved. For
example, learners need linguistic
competence to be
able to use
the language appropriately
to give context. It
means that learners
must also acquire
knowledge of how
the native speaker uses the
language in the context of structured interpersonal exchange, in which many factors interact.
English teaching and learning has the
goal of focusing students so that they are able to use English for
communication and as a tool for furthering their studies. In the process of
teaching and learning, the four language skills (listening, speaking, reading,
and writing) are simultaneously performed. Normally, learners in an EFL context
do not use the language in authentic situations. They possess inability in
communicating appropriately and correctly. In foreign language teaching and
learning, ability to speak is the most essential skill since it is the basic
for communication and it is the most difficult skill. Speaking English is the
most difficult for learners (Oradee 2012:533).
Learning speaking is one important
matter in learning language but it is not a simple work to do. Basically, the
students only speak English but they do not pay attention to the sentence
structure and correct pronunciation. Besides, the students still have limited
vocabulary, due to they are seldom practice their English language. Some of the
students are shy to have an opportunity in speaking, they prefer to be silent
in speaking activity. The researcher has found similar case media at teaching and learning process one of them is picture,
audio visual and magazine.
Textbook serves
as a media
that helps teachers
in arranging a
teaching and learning process.
Therefore preparing the
teaching materials for
each class will
not consume lots of time. Besides, Cunningsworth (1995:7) mention that the uses of textbook are considered
helpful because most of goals and aims have already been prepared in set of
practices based on what students need to learn. Textbook not only beneficial
for teachers in terms of helping them to prepare the materials,
and achieve the
teaching aims and
objectives but also
textbook helps students to
achieve their learning needs. It sounds to be logical answers to overcome the
problems of creating good and enhancing teaching atmosphere in the classroom.
With well prepared
materials and test
provided by the
textbook, combined with teacher flexibility in teaching using
the textbook in the class, a good compromise can be reached.
Textbook is
one of the learning materials which are commonly used. It is kind of printed
materials which have an important part in teaching and learning process. According
to Tomlinson (1999:2), textbook is
a main learning material which is usually used by teacher and students.According
to Richard (2001:249), the advantages of
textbook are (1) providing
structure and a syllabus for a program;
(2) helping standardized instruction;
(3) maintaining quality; (4) providing a variety of learning resources; (5)
being efficient; (6) providing effective
language models and input; (7) training teachers; and (8) being visually
appealing.
Lee & Chang (2008: 145) explain a textbook is an
important means of satisfying the range of needs that emerge from the classroom
and textbooks are a universal element in English language teaching. Dealing
with a quality of a textbook, in 2008 Department
of National Education publishes some BSE (BukuSekolahElektronik)
English textbooks. One of them is an English
textbook for Eight Graders of Junior
High School entitled “English in Focus” which is not only used by public schools but also
private schools.
In the
other hand, textbook is getting a great role in education related with the
implementation of the curriculum (Permendikbud 2013). In Englisheducation
has inevitablybeen influenced by the growing
prevalence of communicative language teaching. This pervasive teaching approach uses syllabi and textbooksdesignedwithamain focuson communication
as opposed to linguistic form.
Nevertheless,thefactremains
that learners do not have enough
opportunities to practice speaking English in daily life because of the EFL situation in which Indonesian learners.
Richards ( 2008:1) The
effectiveness of a
textbook in arranging
aims and goals,
and preparing teaching materials
become a good consideration before deciding to use the textbook in the
classroom. An inappropriate textbook could possibly make the class dull with
uninteresting exercise or too expensive for students or even does not match
with the learner’s rights in achieving
their needs in learning.
Those reasons
make the selection
of textbook used
by teachers become relatively crucial.
The textbook has
to fit with
the current curriculum,
schools syllabus along with
student’s needs and
also the aims
and goals of
teaching. Therefore,
teachers have to
choose the appropriate
and ideal textbook
as beneficial for both students and
teacher as possible. However on a particular occasion, learners’ needs
sometimes become the pin point for the teachers to determine a textbook
(Rajakumar. P 2006:4).
Researchers in this study effort to check whether textbooks used in the schools in the presentation of contents is in accordance with the curriculum or not. There are many types of books that can be used for learning, one of which is the book "English in focus" so the researchers wanted to examine the textbooks.
B.
Limitation
of the Problem and Research Questions Formulations
1.
Limitation
of the Problem
To
clarify the problem in order to conduct research more effectively and focused,
it is necessary to limit the problems. The limitation of problems in analysis
of Speaking Activities in English Textbook includes:
a.
The English
textbook that is
analyze is the English
textbook with the
title of English
in Focus
b.
The writer
analyzes whether the
content of English textbook “English in Focus”
compatible or not with the current
curriculum and the
presentation of the textbook,
and more focused
in analyzing the
material available of the
textbook in Speaking
2.
Research
Questions Formulations
Based on background of the study
above, the research problems can be formulated as follows:
a.
How is the presentation
of the content in
textbook entitle “English in Focus” in Speaking
Activities in English Textbook.
b. How is the presentation of contents in "English in focus" in accordance or not with the curriculum.
C.
Objectives
of the Reearch
Considering the background and the formulation of the
problems, the writer is aimed at:
1.
To know the presentation of the
content in textbook entitle “English in Focus” in Speaking Activities in English Textbook.
2. To know whether the presentation of contents in "English in focus" is in accordance or not with the curriculum.
D.
Advantages
of the Research
It
is important to formulate what becomes the benefit for this research and how
far it would contribute to the development of science (Arikunto, 1997). This
research is conducted in order that it gives theoretical and practical
benefits.
1. For students
Can
provide information to students about the presentation the content of the textbook.
2. For
Teachers
As consideration for
teachers to rectifying concepts in textbooks used
in the learning process as stipulated in the textbook content and motivate teachers
to more carefully select the appropriate
textbooks, relevant and synchronized with the applicable curriculum, especially
regarding presentation of contents in textbooks.
3. For
the Writer
research results can provide information to students that many textbooks a variety so that we as a prospective teacher must be able to analyze presentation of the contents of textbooks.
E.
Definition
of Terms
In order to avoid unnecessary
miss understanding, some terms use in this research are clarified as follows:
1.
Analysis
According
to Babbie (2008), analysis means to study or
examine something carefully in a methodical way especially in this study of human communications.
Among the forms suitable for study are books, magazines, web pages, poems,
newspapers, songs, paintings, speeches, letters, e-mail messages, bulletin
board postings on the Internet, laws, and constitutions, as well as any
components or collections thereof (p. 350).
2.
Speaking
According to Mead
and Rubin (in Panorama, 2014:2) said
“Speaking has many purposes; they are to inform, to persuade, and to solve
problem”. speaking ability is ability or skillto convey our
ideas, opinions or message orally. Speaking ability is always used in everyday
life, it is the only one way when we want to communicate to each other orally.
Some people think that speaking ability in foreign language is difficult because
the target language is different with mother language. In order to have a good
ability in speaking we must always practice it.
3.
Textbook
According to Tomlinson (1999:2), textbook is a main learning material which is usually used by teacher and students. There are so many textbooks sold in bookstores, and most of them are interesting. It makes choosing the right textbook a challenging task. We need to evaluate whether the textbooks we choose are good or not, are relevant to the newest curriculum or not, and provide the best materials for appropriate integrated skills or not.
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