CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background
English as foreign language involves four skills, they
are speaking, writing, reading and listening. In teaching English, those skills
must be served integrate as much as possible. One of those language skills that
influence the language ability is speaking. Teaching speaking is considered to
be difficult among the four skills. Chastain in Reski (2010: 1) states that
learning to speak is obviously more difficult. It means that more effort is
required by the students and various interesting activities are also required
by the teacher. Furthermore, he states that it is not enough for the students
to hear or to listen speech only. The teacher will need to give the students
ample opportunity to practice their speaking.
English teachers effort to make their class
interesting with various methods, techniques,
with instrument and material in order to stimulate students to learn language
skills effectively, especially speaking. For example, in oral language class,
the students should be served with conductive learning activity, so that, they
can practice English as well as possible. However, Byrne(1986) states that the
first task of the teacher is to create the best condition for students to
study. In other words, the teacher responsible to situation where the students
can communicate orally with their classmates.
The observation result when the researcher conducted
teaching practice in SMA NEG.1 BONTOMARANNU that speaking is also the most
frustrating for students in senior high school. It can be seen from Ardawati
(2004: 2) who states that the students sometime face many problem in learning
English especially in speaking for example the students are shy to speak,
low motivation, less self confidence, afraid to make mistake and soon. Other
idea is Rohana (2004: 2) states that many students who want to speak to other
usually faces some troubles such as cannot produce their ideas, argument or
feeling communicatively. They sometimes can understand what other say but
cannot be able to communicate it.
In order to
enable students to express their ideas in speaking, teacher must create
varieties methods in teaching. One of the alternatives method is using Talking
Chips method which is developed by Kagan (1992). It is a group study that
students interdependently learn from one other, each students have
