STUDENTS’ MASTERY OF PASSIVE VOICE: A CASE OF SECOND YEAR STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI X (descriptuve)


CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 General Background of the Study
In social life, communication is very important and crucial among human beings. It is as fundamental as the physical requirements for food and shelter. When they want to convey their ideas, feelings and wants, they must contact others naturally. Communication need is very important to make their lives more meaningful. As a result, they need a means of communication. Related lo communication, language is much needed for people, so the writer will give the definitions of language.
Hornby (1987:473) states that “Language is human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, feelings  and desires by means of a system of sounds and sound symbols”. Ramelan (1992:10) slates that “Language is an arbitrary system of speech sounds or sequences of speech sound which is used or can be used in interpersonal communication by an aggregation of human beings, and which rather exhaustively catalogs things, processes, and events in the human environment”. Kretch et al. (1962:275) also describe that “communication—the interchange of meanings among people-occurs mainly through language and is possible to the degree to which individuals have common cognition, want, and attitude”.
From the definitions of language above, the writer concludes that language is proper for communication. Communication will go smoothly if the speakers and the hearers share the same language. It is easy for people who live in the same country to communicate with each other,  because at least they have the national language. The problem will arise when they have to communicate with people from different countries. So, there is English. English as an international language plays an important role in the international world. It is used to communicate, to strengthen and to foster the relationship among all countries in the world in all fields. People throughout the world use English in oral and written forms. Indonesian people try to learn English, and the government states that English is the first foreign language in Indonesia.  It is taught as a compulsory subject both in junior and senior high school; even it has been tried out in elementary school.
Mastering English cannot be reached in  a short time, since it is not our own language. It can also be seen from the fact that many students face problems in using good grammar or in comprehending textbooks. It can be concluded that the students' mastery of English is low. “The learners will obviously meet all kinds of learning problems dealing with the learning new  sound system, the learning of the new vocabulary items, and the learning of the unfamiliar ways of arranging the foreign words into sentences” (Ramelan 1992:4). This problem needs a solution to help the learners.
Based on the concept of English as  stated in the 1994 curriculum, the teaching of English at Junior and Senior High Schools aims at?????????????

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